Representation of Women in History Essay

Throughout American history, women have been the backbone of the country, working at taking care of their families, and the country itself. The recognition of this is shown by the different representations of America in a female context. Whether as a insolent young Native American princess who has wronged her British mother, or as Roman goddess Columbia in her long, flowing white robes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major change in the way America was represented pictorially was brought about by Phillis Wheatley in 1775, when she sent her poem to George Washington describing America as a goddess called Columbia. The people at the time were quick to identify with this new interpretation as they wanted to distance themselves from the negative British representations of America as a Native American woman who was young and disobeying of her parental figure. Also at that time, colonists were thinking of America as a place of self-knowledge and exploration, creating libraries and other places of study, complete with mock Roman architecture that enforced the feeling of the â€Å"new Rome,† and they liked the fact that Columbia was shown as a Roman goddess of sorts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When looking at the differences in the print by Edward Savage and the print dated 1866, there can be seen a change from Savage’s peaceful looking goddess Columbia, and then the armed fighting women that are in the 1866 picture. The earlier picture dated as 1796 shows Liberty wearing a wreath of flowers around her, offering a cup to an eagle and surrounded by billowing clouds and showing her upfront, away from any violence. The latter drawing from 1866 shows three women, two holding the flag pole, and one with a sword still fighting, surrounded by people. This picture comes at the end of the Revolution era, and depicts America’s fighting spirit which has emerged from the battle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When looking at the example of the Eighteenth century book, Charlotte Temple by Susanna Rowson, the influence of the Columbian ideal can be shown by the book being of the seduction genre, which was very popular in that era. This type of story touched many in the nation, as people related their worrying about how they stood after going against Britain to the seduction of a young female who was brought the new land, and then tricked into getting pregnant, only to be left to die on her own. Many wondered would America suffer that same fate as the seduced young woman, or would the country triumph as the new goddess, Columbia. It is no surprise that during such a perilous time in history that people were drawn to these seduction genre stories to the point of believing in their hearts that Rowson’s work was non-fiction, which is wasn’t.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The recent 2005 portrait of Sacajawea is a new drawing on a golden dollar coin. She is shown as looking back, her hair drawn back, and having her son, Jean Baptiste strapped to her. This representation of her is striking with her large, dark eyes, and her true Native American features which are very pronounced and stunning. In earlier representations of Native American women, the facial features are all very close to what the features of drawings of white women at the time. These earlier images were closer to the facial likeness of early pictures of Columbia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States mint clearly made this coin to represent the anniversary of the Lewis and Clark expedition, dated 1804. The recent golden dollar was dated 2005, which means that it was conceived of and based on a 2004 date, exactly 200 years apart. The coin is also meant to commemorate the Native American people themselves in history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The representation of Columbia in American history can be seen as the evolution of the country itself. As society grew, and the perception of what it meant to be an American changed, the figures of women changed with it. The spirit of Columbia is equated with the spirit of our nation, and the artistry used to show that spirit in female form is still being used today, represented by the Sacajawea coin, celebrating the community ideal of what is is to be American.

Healthcare Ecosystems

LTT1 – Healthcare Ecosystems The profession of health informatics is a relatively new one, blending the use of technologies with collecting, organizing, storing, using, and evaluating health information. Technology can assist healthcare workers on every clinical and administrative level to use information more effectively in clinical decision-making for patients, and in implementing strategic goals within an organization. Check Your Understanding 2. 1 Instructions: On a separate piece of paper, write down the word or term that correctly completes each of the sentences. . The ancient ___ developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books. a. Egyptians b. Greeks c. Phoenicians d. Chinese 2. The ___ was established in 1847 to represent the interests of physicians across the United States. a. b. c. d. American Association of Medical Colleges American College of Surgeons Committee on Medical Education American Medical Association 3. Today, medical s chool students must pass a test before they can obtain a ___ to practice medicine. a. degree b. residency c. specialty d. license 4.The first general training school for ___ was opened at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1872. a. nurses b. physician assistants c. surgical specialists d. surgeons 5. Modern ___ must have either a two-year associate’s degree or a four- year bachelor’s degree from a state-approved nursing school. a. nurse practitioners b. licensed vocational nurses c. registered nurses d. licensed practical nurses 6. In 1910, Dr. Franklin H. Martin suggested that the surgical area of medical practice needed to become more concerned with ___. a. b. c. d. atient care professional standards patient outcomes nonsurgical medical care 7. Adoption of the Minimum Standards marked the beginning of the modern ___ process for healthcare organizations. a. accreditation b. licensing c. reform d. educational 8. According to the AMA’s definition, ___ incorporates the healthcare- related professions that function to assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians and other clinical specialists. a. home health b. nursing care c. ambulatory care d. allied health Which ancient civilization developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books?Greeks Correct! Which organization was established in the mid 1800s, to represent the interests of physicians in the United States? American Medical Association Correct! What organization is the largest standard setting body in the world? Joint Commission Correct! This legislation required hospitals to conduct continued-stay review for Medicare and Medicaid patients. Utilization Review ACt Correct! This type of hospital specializes in providing inpatient care to individuals with mental and developmental orders. Psychiatric Correct!For-profit hospitals use their excess funds to improve their services and fund community services. False Correct! At a ho spital or large healthcare facility, this group will select qualified administrators to manage the organization. Board of Directors Correct! Which one of the following is considered a part of administrative support services? Human Resources Correct! Low energy laser, electric stimulation, ultrasound, biofeedback and aquatics treatment are used by which of the following allied health professionals? Physical therapy Correct!In which decade was magnetic resonance imaging first introduced in healthcare? 1980's Correct! This type of statement from an organization expresses intentions, philosophy, and organizational self-image. Vision statement Correct! An empowered staff member has the ability to: Change the work environment when some part of it interferes with the organizational mission Correct! Leader’s in today’s healthcare organizations may reinforce organizational values by doing which one of the following: Listen to the staff Correct! What is a 360Â ° review? A perfo rmance evaluation in which peers and colleagues participate Correct!Of these functions that sustain operational infrastructure, where would health informatics best fit? Knowledge Management Correct! In the healthcare organization, operating units are designed around patient-focused care for related disease groups and medical specialties. This is known as: Service Lines Correct! In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed its payment regulations to eliminate payment for hospital-acquired complications. True Correct! The largest single group of healthcare organizations are: Acute Care Hospitals Correct!Which of the following is a system that deliberately monitors the long term relationship between stakeholders of a healthcare organization, and responds to changing needs? Strategic Correct! In what decade was the MRI first introduced? 1980's Correct! Which standard addresses disclosure of health information? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which st andard addresses the intentional destruction of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! Which standard addresses the monitoring of terminologies used in health information? Collection of health informationCorrect! Which standard addresses unplanned interruptions of electronic health record systems? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard asks for evidence that there are back up systems in the event of interruptions to electronic information processes? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard addresses flow of data and information within and out of the hospital? Information management planning Correct! Which standard requires evidence that health information is disseminated in a timely manner? Receival and transmission of health information Correct!Which standard addresses acronyms, synonyms, and abbreviations for medication dosage? Collection of health information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertain ing to health information privacy? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertaining to unauthorized alteration of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! This type of statement is sent to a patient: it shows how much the provider billed, the amount of the Medicare reimbursement to the provider, and what the patient must pay to the provider.Medicare summary notice Correct! All of these items are ‘packaged’ under the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system, with the exception of one. Medical visits Correct! Which one of these is not a government-sponsored healthcare program? Blue Cross/Blue Shield Correct! Which health insurance plan covers the survivors of military personnel who died in the line of duty? CHAMPVA Correct! This legislation established an employee’s right to continue healthcare coverage beyond their scheduled termination date. COBRA Correct! What i s a MS-DRG grouper? A software program that assigns appropriate MS-DRGsCorrect! One of these items is not incorporated in the formula for determining fee schedule. Post medical school degrees held by provider Correct! Which uniform data set is used by skilled nursing facilities to gather standardized data? MDS Correct! Which one of the following is not used when calculating for patient severity level, for prospective reimbursement of home health services? Financial Correct! What form must be provided to a patient if there is a concern that Medicare will deny services because it feels the service may be medically unnecessary? ABN Healthcare Ecosystems LTT1 – Healthcare Ecosystems The profession of health informatics is a relatively new one, blending the use of technologies with collecting, organizing, storing, using, and evaluating health information. Technology can assist healthcare workers on every clinical and administrative level to use information more effectively in clinical decision-making for patients, and in implementing strategic goals within an organization. Check Your Understanding 2. 1 Instructions: On a separate piece of paper, write down the word or term that correctly completes each of the sentences. . The ancient ___ developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books. a. Egyptians b. Greeks c. Phoenicians d. Chinese 2. The ___ was established in 1847 to represent the interests of physicians across the United States. a. b. c. d. American Association of Medical Colleges American College of Surgeons Committee on Medical Education American Medical Association 3. Today, medical s chool students must pass a test before they can obtain a ___ to practice medicine. a. degree b. residency c. specialty d. license 4.The first general training school for ___ was opened at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1872. a. nurses b. physician assistants c. surgical specialists d. surgeons 5. Modern ___ must have either a two-year associate’s degree or a four- year bachelor’s degree from a state-approved nursing school. a. nurse practitioners b. licensed vocational nurses c. registered nurses d. licensed practical nurses 6. In 1910, Dr. Franklin H. Martin suggested that the surgical area of medical practice needed to become more concerned with ___. a. b. c. d. atient care professional standards patient outcomes nonsurgical medical care 7. Adoption of the Minimum Standards marked the beginning of the modern ___ process for healthcare organizations. a. accreditation b. licensing c. reform d. educational 8. According to the AMA’s definition, ___ incorporates the healthcare- related professions that function to assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians and other clinical specialists. a. home health b. nursing care c. ambulatory care d. allied health Which ancient civilization developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books?Greeks Correct! Which organization was established in the mid 1800s, to represent the interests of physicians in the United States? American Medical Association Correct! What organization is the largest standard setting body in the world? Joint Commission Correct! This legislation required hospitals to conduct continued-stay review for Medicare and Medicaid patients. Utilization Review ACt Correct! This type of hospital specializes in providing inpatient care to individuals with mental and developmental orders. Psychiatric Correct!For-profit hospitals use their excess funds to improve their services and fund community services. False Correct! At a ho spital or large healthcare facility, this group will select qualified administrators to manage the organization. Board of Directors Correct! Which one of the following is considered a part of administrative support services? Human Resources Correct! Low energy laser, electric stimulation, ultrasound, biofeedback and aquatics treatment are used by which of the following allied health professionals? Physical therapy Correct!In which decade was magnetic resonance imaging first introduced in healthcare? 1980's Correct! This type of statement from an organization expresses intentions, philosophy, and organizational self-image. Vision statement Correct! An empowered staff member has the ability to: Change the work environment when some part of it interferes with the organizational mission Correct! Leader’s in today’s healthcare organizations may reinforce organizational values by doing which one of the following: Listen to the staff Correct! What is a 360Â ° review? A perfo rmance evaluation in which peers and colleagues participate Correct!Of these functions that sustain operational infrastructure, where would health informatics best fit? Knowledge Management Correct! In the healthcare organization, operating units are designed around patient-focused care for related disease groups and medical specialties. This is known as: Service Lines Correct! In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed its payment regulations to eliminate payment for hospital-acquired complications. True Correct! The largest single group of healthcare organizations are: Acute Care Hospitals Correct!Which of the following is a system that deliberately monitors the long term relationship between stakeholders of a healthcare organization, and responds to changing needs? Strategic Correct! In what decade was the MRI first introduced? 1980's Correct! Which standard addresses disclosure of health information? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which st andard addresses the intentional destruction of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! Which standard addresses the monitoring of terminologies used in health information? Collection of health informationCorrect! Which standard addresses unplanned interruptions of electronic health record systems? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard asks for evidence that there are back up systems in the event of interruptions to electronic information processes? Continuity of information Correct! Which standard addresses flow of data and information within and out of the hospital? Information management planning Correct! Which standard requires evidence that health information is disseminated in a timely manner? Receival and transmission of health information Correct!Which standard addresses acronyms, synonyms, and abbreviations for medication dosage? Collection of health information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertain ing to health information privacy? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct! Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertaining to unauthorized alteration of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct! This type of statement is sent to a patient: it shows how much the provider billed, the amount of the Medicare reimbursement to the provider, and what the patient must pay to the provider.Medicare summary notice Correct! All of these items are ‘packaged’ under the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system, with the exception of one. Medical visits Correct! Which one of these is not a government-sponsored healthcare program? Blue Cross/Blue Shield Correct! Which health insurance plan covers the survivors of military personnel who died in the line of duty? CHAMPVA Correct! This legislation established an employee’s right to continue healthcare coverage beyond their scheduled termination date. COBRA Correct! What i s a MS-DRG grouper? A software program that assigns appropriate MS-DRGsCorrect! One of these items is not incorporated in the formula for determining fee schedule. Post medical school degrees held by provider Correct! Which uniform data set is used by skilled nursing facilities to gather standardized data? MDS Correct! Which one of the following is not used when calculating for patient severity level, for prospective reimbursement of home health services? Financial Correct! What form must be provided to a patient if there is a concern that Medicare will deny services because it feels the service may be medically unnecessary? ABN

Association Football and B Essay Example for Free

Association Football and B Essay Introduction Soccer is the world’s most popular sport. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American countries, and of many other nations. Millions of people in more than 140 countries play soccer. The World Cup is held every four years. Soccer is one of the most famous international sports. Soccer is known world wide and is played in the Olympics. In a soccer game there are two teams of 11 players who try to score a point by kicking a ball into the opponents net. Soccer is played on a rectangular field with a net on each short side of the field. All players must hit the ball with their feet or body and only the goalie is allowed to touch the ball with his/her hands. There are many things you can do to condition yourself to play. Soccer the way we play it came from England in the 1800’s. Soccer was not that popular until the mid-1900s. Today soccer is very popular and it is one of the nations fastest-growing sports. There are many exercises and drills you can do to improve how you play soccer. There is also many physical conditioning that players can do. Soccer can help you stay fit and healthy. Many people can play soccer and benefit from it. Soccer is very fun and a great recreational sport. History of the Activity Games similar to soccer were played in China as early as 400 BC. In about 200 AD the Romans played a game in which two teams tried to score by advancing a ball across a line on the field. The Romans passed the ball to one another but they never kicked it. London children in about 1100 played a form of soccer in the streets. During the 1800’s the people of England played a game similar to soccer. Many rules changed and each person interpreted the rules differently. In 1848 a group of school representatives met at Trinity College in Cambridge and drew up the first of soccer rules. In 1863 English soccer clubs founded the Football Association. By the late 1800’s soccer began to spread to the rest of the world. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913. The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been played every four years except during WWII. During the 1970’s soccer grew to be a very popular spectator sport as well as participant sport. A soccer game begins with a kickoff in the center of the field. A coin is flipped to decide which team will kickoff. The other team kicks off at the start of the second half when the teams switch sides or nets. After a team scores the other team gets to kickoff to begin again. The kickoff takes place in the middle of the field. When the ball is kicked it must travel the circumference of the ball and touch another player before the kicker can touch the ball again. After the ball is in play it remains in play unless it crosses a goal line or a touch line. All players attempt to stop the ball from coming in their zone while at the same time trying to score a goal. A player may kick the ball into the net with any part of the body except the hands and arms. If the ball goes out of bounds the play is restarted with a corner kick, a goal kick, or a throw-in. The referee decides what type to use. If the ball crosses the goal line and the defensive team touched it last then there is a corner kick by the offense. If the offense touches the ball last and crosses the goal line then it is a goal kick. A throw in happens when the ball crosses the touch line. When it crosses the touch line the team that did not touch it last throws the ball in bounds. The ball is thrown over their head with two hands. Fouls are called when a player does not obey the rules and acts unsportsman-like. When a foul is called the opposite team receives either a penalty kick, a direct free kick or and indirect free kick. Physical Conditioning There are many exercises that people can do to improve in soccer. Exercises that strengthen your legs and improve flexibility are ideal. Physical conditioning is important if you plan on being good at soccer. Here are five exercises that are ideal for soccer: Running: running helps to improve cardiovascular fitness. In soccer there is lots of running for the ball so endurance and a speed is a must. Leg Stretches: using weights can help strengthen the legs. Using weights makes you kick harder and makes the ball travel farther, as a result you become a better player. Leg Machines: exercising all muscles in the leg makes you kick harder and prevents injury when you are diving all over for the ball. The strong muscles help prevent injuries. Stretching: stretching allows you to be more flexible. Sometimes soccer players need to kick the ball in the most awkward positions. Flexibly helps the player to kick the ball in those positions more effectively. Weight Training: all around weight training makes a soccer player even better. A stronger body helps prevent injury and improve all around performance. Practice Drills help the soccer player be more skillful and a better player. There are many drills that can be done. Drills like dribbling to head butting are often used. Some of these drills include: Practicing kicking the ball is a very important and often done drill. To practice the player will kick the ball into the net. Often there is a goalie that they try to score on. Kicking is the most important skill in soccer. Practicing will make your kick stronger and more controllable. Passing is also a very important skill. One drill that can be done is to run side by side with another player and pass the ball back and forth. This skill will improve your passing and receiving skills. Passing is also vital in the game of soccer. Heading is one of the only ways to legally hit the ball when it high in the air. With another player heading can be practiced. One player throws the ball high over top of the other player. The player then will jump up and hit the ball with his forehead and try to control the ball. Heading is very hard and often lots of practice is required. Control of the ball is also very important. By setting up pylons in any order and distance and weaving through them in a pattern like formation can improve your control of the ball. Trying to go quick can also improve your speed of running while dribbling a ball. One on one practice improves both your dribbling and tackling. With two players one is given the ball and must keep the ball away from the other player. While one player is improving his faking and dribbling the other is practicing his defense and tackling. When this drill is done often it can improve your offense as well as defense. Soccer can be done in many age groups. Children often play the sport in school as early as elementary school. Many adults also play the sport. Seniors rarely play soccer because of the easiness it is for them to get injured. Soccer is often very demanding. Soccer for many kids can be very fun. Most children don’t think of soccer as work and often enjoy playing soccer. Adults also sometimes find soccer fun and even some adults have careers in the area as a professional soccer player. Soccer is very valuable in obtaining â€Å"life long† fitness. Soccer can be a very demanding sport. Soccer can improve your cardiovascular fitness as well as strength and flexibility. All the physical conditioning and practice drills are very important in keeping fit. Soccer players are able to be healthy and strong because of the physical involvement. Association Football and B. (2017, Jun 03).

Funny Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Funny Story - Essay Example Luckily, my girlfriend was there to get me out otherwise I probably would have drank the entire fountain. Then we had to walk all the way back to the hotel; I was freezing, cold, and miserable. Needless to say those photos showed up on facebook. The second time I fell into a fountain I was with my family. We were at Universal Studios with my grandparents and we entered one of those little kid areas. My younger brother and I brought a football so we could throw when we got bored. My parents were getting a picture of my grandparents next to a fountain. My brother threw me a long pass and as I ran to catch it, I knocked my grandma into the fountain with me. Luckily no one got hurt, but my grandmother and I were so soaked that we had to go to the souvenir store and buy all new clothing to replace the wet ones. I have learned that when it comes to fountains and vacations that I have this power that always makes sure that I land in one. Even though they were embarrassing at the moment, the y remind me of good past memories and create jokes about what will happen in the future. If I am ever near a fountain again, I will have to be sure to wear a wetsuit and pack an extra set of clothes. I hope that as the admissions committee that you received a good laugh and remember to always pack a towel around fountains.

Balancing College Studies with Work and Family Demands Essay

Balancing College Studies with Work and Family Demands - Essay Example In addition, the school program is not friendly for the student. For instance the school schedule lacks breaks in-between lessons. Although I am almost getting used to the school program, home duties are also becoming increasingly stressing. In addition, the lecturers give us insufficient time to complete the assignments. This denies us time to research and analyze the questions appropriately. The entire school program also contributes to the stress that we face as college students. The school management created the school’s program without considering the interests of the student. For instance, the distribution of lessons is not student friendly. It stresses me to have two consecutive lessons without a break in-between the lessons. The lecturers do not consider that we have been from another class and hence we need to relax before going to the next class. The school curriculum is also a major cause of stress and needs to be restructured. The current curriculum does not incorp orate modern student’s needs hence contributing to stress. For instance, students in modern age prefer short-term goals and objectives while the curriculum is characterized by long-term goals and objectives. Despite the presence of stress in my academic life, I am determined to achieve my objectives of academic excellence. This requires that I should have effective strategies of dealing with stress resulting from my school life. The first strategy that I consider effective, is acknowledging the problem. This acceptance induces my abilities to search for an appropriate solution to the problem. After accepting and identifying the problems, I am in an excellent position to find the solution to the problem. Secondly, I rank the three problems according to their needs of urgency and long-term implication. For instance assignments are first while school curriculum problems lies in the bottom of the list. Thirdly, I require developing a positive attitude that I can solve the problem s successfully. Having a positive attitude towards the problem enables me to tackle a problem successfully. To eliminate the problems associated with assignments, I first consider them beneficial to my studies and course. In addition, I consider the unbalanced schedule as a motivation to work hard. The final approach to the problem is applying the actual solution to the problem. This involves a systematic application of solution strategies to the problems. I cope with stress resulting from assignment by completing them in time. Sharing my solutions with other students also acts as part of the solution. Weekly Schedule My week starts on a Monday morning at 6 AM. After doing my routine bathing and dressing, I peruse through my course books to familiarize with the previous work. Identifying and devising solutions for different causes of stress enables me to accomplish my weekly program. This also gives me a chance to establish if there is any urgent assignments, pending or unsolved pro blems. I then write my days schedule in my diary according to available tasks and time. I also look at the school timetable to ensure that it is in line with my day’s schedule. After taking my breakfast, I go to the bus stop where our school bus waits for the students. We usually spend the first few moments sharing our experiences for the weekend. After getting into the school compound I spend the remaining time talking with my friends concerning the lessons and the overall school life.

Competition law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Competition law - Essay Example An exclusive distribution system is whereby a company, (manufacturer) grants exclusive rights of its products and/or services, to another company1. The most common form is when a single distributor acquires exclusive rights to market a product in a specific territory. Exclusive distribution limits sales to one dealer or to one distributor in a given market. Take the example of Sealy, a company that manufactures high quality mattresses and beddings products. In 1967 entered into an agreement to have its products distributed under the Sealy name and trademark, however the condition was that the companies to take up the distribution of the products were not to; 1. Be engaged, in contract, to any other company and not to distribute any other products whether beddings or not. 2. Sticking to a precise territory of sale and not to out of their allocated and agreed upon jurisdiction. The courts in the USA agreed to the terms that were being offered to the distributing companies by the manufa cturing company Sealy and termed then ‘horizontally correct’. This is because they looked at the substance rather than the form. This is the same as that of the Lolo Cars PLC and a hypothetical car distribution company called Zeek in Germany’s capital city Berlin2. The two decide to come to an exclusive distribution agreement of the sports cars. Zeek is located in Berlin, and it is limited to the boundaries of the city. The following will be the nature of the agreement; Lolo Cars PLC shall not be involved directly or indirectly in the sale, or even offer to sell its sports cars in Berlin. This is because it is an area exclusively under the authority of Zeek. This is evident in the American-Japan agreement on the sale of laser printers manufactured in Japan and sold in the USA. The Canon LPC laser printer is manufactured by a Japanese company but is distributed by Eastman Kodak Company in USA and is even rebranded as Hewlett-Packard and Corona data Systems. Zeek i s not allowed to sell the sports cars from Lolo Cars to any other part outside Berlin, and this is because it is aregion that has been demarcated for it. Advertisement of the sports cars outside Berlin is also not allowed. Zeek is also not to supply other products within Berlin that are assumed to be competing with the products of Lolo Cars. That means that Zeek cannot sign another agreement contract with another sports cars manufacturing company, especially if it should supply those cars within Berlin.Zeek should place a written order of the number of the cars that they would like (Roger & Culloch 314). This not only brings about transparency in the activities between the two firms but also gets rid of any form of fraud, and hence brings about responsibility. Lolo CarsCompany can change the price list of its sports cars only once in a year, and should give a written notice of sixty days to Zeek. This is because Zeek needs time to be able to inform their already established clientel e about the changes in the prices. Zeek shall use commercially reasonable efforts to promote the sale. Lolo Cars Company should first pass these efforts. If Lolo Cars does not agree with the methods of marketing and advertisement, then Zeek will not use it. These efforts also mean that they will train their own personnel that will be used tomarket and

Product Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Product Life Cycle - Essay Example 5)." With this definition, it becomes apparent that marketing is not just about selling goods and services to customers. At the heart of marketing is delivering customer value to satisfy and even delight buyers. This calls for the efficient establishment of a marketing mix which takes into account all the essential factors in marketing commodities. In marketing a product, the extended marketing mix is used and is comprised of seven decision areas (7Ps) namely, product, people, price, promotion, place, process, and physical evidence. The Product Life Cycle (PLC) model is an indispensable model which can be utilized in coming up with a well crafted marketing strategy. It is stated that "the product's current PLC position suggests the best marketing strategies (Kotler and Armstrong 355)" and that "the resulting marketing strategies affect product performance in later life-cycles stages (Kotler and Armstrong 355)." This report will look at the use of PLC model as a tool in crafting an efficient and profitable marketing mix for Starbucks Corporation. The first section will give a more in-depth background of the PLC model. Next, it will be used to come up with a marketing mix for Starbucks in China and US. Another section will also be devoted in explaining how certain strategies extend the life cycle of a product in a certain market. The paper will conclude with its recommendations on using the PLC as a potent aid in making product policy decisions. The Product Life Cycle Model: An Overview The PLC model recognized that the life of a product in the market takes commonly follows five distinct stages. The first course is the product development stage which begins when the company finds and develops a new product idea. Introduction phase is the period where the product is finally launched into the target market. This stage is characterized by huge expenses which significantly drive down profit levels. Next is the growth period where the product goes through rapid market acceptance and increasing profits. The maturity stage is commonly the longest stage in the product life cycle which is characterized by slowdown in sales growth due to its general acceptance. In effect, profits typically level off or decline as the company makes efforts to defend the product against competition. The last stage is decline when the product's sales fall off and profits drop (Kotler and Armstrong 354). Product Life Cycle in the Starbucks Context According to Hoovers, Starbucks is the number one specialty coffee retailer having 10,000 coffee shops around the globe. Contrary to the common knowledge that the main product of Starbucks is coffee, an executive of the company declares that Strabucks doesn't sell coffee. Instead, Starbucks goes beyond selling premium quality coffee but it sells "an experience." According to Howard Behar, "We're not in the business of filling bellies, we're in the business of filling souls (qtd in Kotler and Armstrong 58)." With this in mind, Starbucks has conquered the globe with its coffee shop to share the "Starbucks experience." In this section, we will utilize the PLC in crafting marketing

Safegurading health information and systems Essay

Safegurading health information and systems - Essay Example The other most important wording is the ethical statement. These act as a guide to the ethical behaviors the health care workers such as nurses are supposed to abide by when in use of the information systems (Wager, Lee & Glaser, 2013). This wording is important as it saves on disciplinary actions and prevents nurses and other health care workers from breaching the ethical code of conduct. Lastly, the other most important wording necessary to be included in these health systems is the patient management statement. There are standards of patient management necessary for the nurse to apply in all patients and they should be openly stipulated and clearly worded in the information system for the benefit and frequent reminder of them to the nurses when attending to their patients (Mettler & Raptis, 2012). Failure to follow these statements leads to legal actions being taken against the nurse as is stipulated in the legal and regulatory statement mentioned

USA in the 21st century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

USA in the 21st century - Essay Example Additionally, the development of nuclear weapons and the need to gain world wealth has necessitated many states to be more involved in war to show their might against other states. Many nations are struggling to survive in a world dominated by military power and technological development of nuclear weapons. Although, the nations claim existence of democracy and that international relations can be enhanced there are nations that advocate ruling the rest of the world through the wealth and military power. Any nation that tries to compete with the superpowers is attacked indirectly. Therefore, the 21st century world is likely to be dominated by wars in struggle for survival and supremacy. The 21st century is likely to be war prone because of the struggle for super powers among world nations. According to Mearshein, he came up with a number of assumptions that explain why the structure of international relations is made up of nations who have selfish gains for their own states rather than to the world as a whole1. As a result, the great power nations around the world seek for supremacy, maximum wealth, dominion over land and nuclear superiority. To gain their superpowers the great nations have embarked on â€Å"war, blackmail, bait and bleed, bloodletting, balancing and buck passing†2. Mearshein came up with a number of assumptions explaining paths nations pursue to become superpowers. The first reason is that the international relations is anarchic3. ... Even though states try to live in harmony, aggressiveness against another state can originate from nowhere leading to war. This therefore, has necessitated most states to stay alert and not to trust neighboring nations. Most nations strive for survival with diverse intentions in mind. The need for supremacy, wealth, military power and land has resulted to a number of cases of war. States that are continuing to grow in wealth than the superpowers are now involved in cold wars. States with nuclear weaponry mighty are also in disagreements with superpowers and wars may ensue any moment. The struggle is therefore, real with the super power nations wanting to remain superior, and other nations struggling to get to the level of super power nations. The 21st century is likely to be affected by war, because of the existence of fear in international politics. According to Tang, many states are faced with fear of the future5. Therefore, most states are striving for survival against the fear by leading in wars and being informed of what is happening in other states. States around the world are uncertain of the intentions of other nations. They do not know if they want to attack or if they are developing nuclear weapons. Thus, the uncertainty results to most states being alert and developing their military base, to ensure they are ready for any attacks that may take place. Moreover, most states have their own goals in ensuring they attain supremacy over other states. Nations only work together when they are faced with a common enemy. According to Tang, in international theory cooperation among nation state is practiced when the nations are facing a common enemy. Each state has its own personal gains when they advocate to be involved in war6. The

Ethical behavior principle Essay Example for Free

Ethical behavior principle Essay The behavior of each and every person is control by moral and the guiding principles. This is normally portrayed in our daily usual acts, and hence shaping of our ethical behavior is critical in the making sound decision and upholds the trust of the public. A successful business is only possible if there is a strong and profound held value. Most companies will set up strategy of coming up with the required values in order to attract their prospective clients, manage their workers, and attained the expected development of the company. The guiding principles of ethical behaviors which these companies will struggle to uphold are based on the values. According to American Psychological Association, (1953) these values include beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justice, respects for people’s rights, and dignity. Coordination and active participation of the workers will be of great importance in attracting the attention of the clients. In any organization, leaders will continually strive to ensure that their company achieved its standard. Their main aim is to make sure that the rights of the employees are taken care of, and that the company in general performs well at all cost. In order to achieve this, their actions will be guided by the ethical values which will assist them in the decision making processes (Leal, 1998).

A Reflective Journal Entry

A Reflective Journal Entry In the majority educational situations, there is substantial energy expended as learners use critical-thinking skills to explore complex concepts central to their discipline. When learners systematically engage in significant thinking, they tend to expand insights not just into the concepts but in addition the learning process as well. Educators use various strategies in seeking the one best technique to engage learners actively in their learning. Abegglen, J. ONeill Conger, C. (1997) recognizes the significant contribution of critical reflection in the development of specialized knowledge and clinical expertise. Educators in education and nursing employ reflective learning journals to enhance creative and critical thinking among learners in the classroom (e.g., Allen Enz, 1986-1987; Hahnemann, 1986; Meyers, 1986; Meyers Jones, 1993; McCrindle Christensen, 1995) and in the practice setting (e.g., Alm, 1996; Sedlak, 1997). A few writers offer hold up for educators themselves to become inquiring teachers (e.g., Scho ¨n, 1987; Henderson, 1992) and other writers create models to enhance the teaching-learning process (e.g., McCaugherty, 1991; Hutchinson Allen, 1997; Riley-Doucet Wilson, 1997; Scanlon Chernomas, 1997; Wong et al., 1997; Kember et al., 1999). It is significant to note that this strategy of reflective learning journals promotes learners to turn out to be active learners. Definition: Although the frequent use of reflection and reflective learning journals in the literature, there is no consensus regarding how to define these terms. This lack of clarity creates tremendous difficulty in terms of operationalizing the ideas and in addition in comparing research findings Boychuk, (1999). Boyd and Fales (1983) define reflection as the process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self and which consequences in a transformed theoretical perspective (p. 100). This definition is widely used and appropriate to this research exploring the application of the Scanlon and Chernomas (1997) model. For purposes of this research, reflective learning journals refer to written documents that learners create as they think about different concepts, events, or interactions over a period of time for the purposes of gaining insights into self-awareness and learning. Regarding reflection as together compound and indefinable, Pierson (1998) suggests that reflection is a purposeful inter-subjective process that requires the employment of both calculative and contemplative thinking (p. 169). She expresses concern that calculative thinking (e.g., listing daily activities) instead of contemplative thinking (e.g., employing an interactive, conversational style of writing to expand self-awareness and understanding) may be more the norm in practice. Reflective thinking requires a trusting relationship if one is to write about individual thoughts, feelings, and experiences honestly; sufficient time to consider ideas significantly; active involvement; participation of self; and assurance. Assess, the root word of assessment, comes as of the Latin word assidere, which means to sit beside, to observe, talk by means of, and learn as of one another (Conrad, 1995). Traditionally, the word assessment has referred to the way teachers assign letter grades on tests and quizzes. Assessment has in addition been used as a way to discuss teaching effectiveness (Garfield, 1994). However, assessment is now taking on a new meaning. It should be a dynamic process that continuously yields information about learner progress toward the achievement of learning goals (Garfield, 1994). In order for assessment to be considered authentic, it must focus on whether or not learners can apply their learning to the suitable situations (Conrad, 1995). Methods used to measure learner learning range as of traditional standardized testing to a more organic, authentic approach to assessment. The current dispute in educational assessment stems as of the debate flanked by behaviourist and constructivist educators. Behaviourist theory originated as of the work of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner and focuses on changes in behaviour that result as of stimulus-response associations made by the learner (Standridge, 2002). The learners are active respondents in the learning process and should be given the opportunity to demonstrate their learning through observable and measurable behaviours (Ormrod, 1999). Standardized testing is one of the most obvious ways to observe and measure changes in behaviour. Although they are easy to score and interpret, these tests imply that there is a separation flanked by knowledge and the learner (Worley, 2001). This method of assessment simply offers a way for assigning numerical scores to observa ble behaviours but does not reveal how the learner learned or how they will be able to use their learning to solve problems (Garfield, 1994). On the opposing side of the debate, constructivists argue that learners cannot continue to merely acquire knowledge and demonstrate it through observable and measurable changes in behaviour. Instead, learners must construct the meaning of knowledge as they learn it. Constructivist theory is based mainly on the work of Dewey, Piaget, and Vygotsky and stresses that learning involves an active process in which learners construct meaning by linking new ideas by means of their existing knowledge (Jones Brader-Araje, 2002). Knowledge does not exist outside of the learner. According to Kant, the mind offers the categories of knowing, while the real world offers the content. Knowledge is thus always a construction of the minds interaction by means of the world and cannot be reduced to one or the other (Elkind, 1998, p. 113) In reality, learners come to the classroom by means of a wide variety of prior experiences, knowledge and beliefs that may be cultivated to offer meaningful life-long le arning (Jones Brader-Araje, 2002). Therefore, alternative assessment methods such as recordings, checklists, diaries, portfolios, learner debriefings, peer conferences and reflective journal writing are necessary inside a constructivist classroom (Worley, 2001). Journal writing is the recording of daily events, personal reflections, questions about the environment, and reactions to experiences (Dyment OConnell, 2003). According to Chapman, it should reflect various types of writing as well as levels of complexity related to the task assigned in the prompt (Chapman, 1990). Instances of authentic writing in the journal include open-ended entries, where the learner constructs an entry using background knowledge, or short answer entries that demonstrate understanding of the content taught (Chapman, 1990). Journal writing can become one of the most significant components of the assessment process because it has the potential to promote critical thinking. It in addition reinforces the significance of writing across the curriculum by means of an emphasis on process rather than product, allows for personal expression, and serves as a record of thought. Journal writing helps learners understand how they learn and it gives a voice to those who are not good at expressing themselves orally. Finally, because reflective journal writing requires active participation, the learners take ownership of their learning Brookfield, (1998). According to Atkins, (1993), reflective journal writing serves four purposes for the learner and three for the teacher. The authors studied the journals, observation notes, conference notes and course-related projects of 34 learners in their first course of the teacher education graduate program at South-eastern University. For learners, journal writing serves as a permanent record of thoughts and experiences; establishes and maintains a relationship by means of the instructor; offers a safe outlet for frustrations and concerns; and aids internal dialogue. For the teacher, reflective journal writing serves as a window into learner thinking and learning; establishes and maintains a relationship by means of the learner; and serves as a dialogical tool. Finally, reflective journal writing offers an opportunity for both the teacher and the learner to assess learning. As Atkins, (1993) discovered in his research on more than 20 learners in his advanced mathematics course, reflective journal writing offers learners by means of the opportunity to express connections flanked by previous knowledge and new knowledge. Although one of his Iranian learners struggled by means of English vocabulary, he was able to describe a mathematic word problem in his own words by using connections to his culture Atkins, (1993). Reflective learning journals are recognized as a significant tool in promoting active learning among nursing learners. Essentially, nurse educators strive to encourage learners to think about past experiences, current situations, and expected outcomes of their actions so that they can explain what they do in the clinical setting and why. In other words, nurse educators seek to promote professional practice that is reflective rather than routine. The purposes in this paper are to discuss the application of two models of reflection to a set of reflective learning journals and to offer some recommendations for educators, researchers, and learners. Using a three stage model of reflection Alm, (1996), 52 nursing learners explored managerial concepts. The major findings indicated that learners may be categorized, according to Alm, (1996), as no reflectors (i.e., lack proof of purposeful appraisal), reflectors (i.e., demonstrate insight through analysis, discrimination, and evaluation), and critical reflectors (i.e., indicate a transformation as of initial viewpoint). The foundations for professional practice begin inside the educational system. Educators begin the process of assisting aspiring professionals to learn how to learn. Reflective learning journals have become a significant tool in nursing education to promote active learning among learners. Fundamentally, nurse educators strive to encourage learners to think about past experiences, current situations, and expected consequences of their actions so that they can explain what they do in various professional settings and why. Put another way, nurse educators seek to promote professional practice that is reflective rather than routine. The purposes of this paper are to discuss the application of two models of reflection to a set of reflective learning journals and to offer some recommendations for educators, researchers, and learners. The two models include the three stages of reflection Cavanagh, (1995) and the three levels of reflection Cavanagh, (1995). Conclusion: In conclusion, according to Conger, (1996), It is now widely accepted that successful professionals have to to reproduce upon their actions as mainly tasks they execute involve novel elements to which there are no described solutions (p. 18). The responsibility rests by means of educators to arrange professionals for reflective practice. Inherent in this accountability is the need to determine the extent to which learning actually occurs. Utilizing a model, as described in this presentation, offers strong evidence of learner learning. However, whereas the facilitation of learning stays by means of the educator, the final liability for learning resides by means of the learner. If we believe the words of Conger, (1996), we will all embrace the accountability plus joy of learning: Real knowledge gets to the heart of what it means to be individual. During learning we turn out to be able to do something we certainly not were able to do. Through learning we extend our capability to produce, to be part of the generative procedure of life. There is inside each of us a deep hunger for this kind of learning.